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Objectives: Data showed that during the SOVID-19 pandemic the pharmacy is the first place for patient care. The purpose was to study the awareness of pharmacists about the COVID-19 for 2021-2022 in Ukraine to provide complete and quality care. Method(s): Survey was developed to determine the level of knowledge of pharmacists regarding the main symptoms, methods of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of uncomplicated forms of the COVID-19 by using Google form. The heads of pharmacies, pharmacists in eight regions of Ukraine were involved. The research period was December 2021 - December 2022. Result(s): We received, 725 completed questionnaires from 8 regions of Ukraine, of which 69.7% were pharmacy managers, 12.0% were pharmacists, and 18.3% were intern- pharmacists. Of the surveyed pharmacists, 95% called the method of airborne transmission, but 4.7% believe that the coronavirus is transmitted by the contact-household method, and 0.3% - transmissible. We found that 100% of respondents correctly named the main indicators of the condition of a patient with the COVID-19. However, only 95.4% of pharmacists correctly defined the concept of saturation, which requires improvement of information support. For the symptomatic treatment of uncomplicated forms, 91.7% of respondents correctly determined that Paracetamol, Ibuprofen are for the symptomatic treatment of uncomplicated forms, but 8.3% of pharmacists named other drugs. Assessing the need to take antibiotics, 88.5% of pharmacists gave the correct answer, but 5.5% believe that the reason for prescribing antibiotics is an increase in body temperature, and 5.4% named a decrease in saturation, 0.6% - dry a cough, that does not meet the requirements of thee national guideleines Covid-19. Conclusion(s): We found that pharmacists are 100% well-informed with the symptoms and causes of the Covid-19. However, it is necessary to improve the provision of information about the requirements for the treatment of uncomplicated forms of Covid-19 and the dispensing of antibiotics from pharmacies.Copyright © 2023
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The ongoing Russia–Ukraine conflict has exacerbated the global crisis of natural gas supply, particularly in Europe. During the winter season, major importers of liquefied natural gas (LNG), such as South Korea and Japan, were directly affected by fluctuating spot LNG prices. This study aimed to use machine learning (ML) to predict the Japan Korea Marker (JKM), a spot LNG price index, to reduce price fluctuation risks for LNG importers such as the Korean Gas Corporation (KOGAS). Hence, price prediction models were developed based on long short-term memory (LSTM), artificial neural network (ANN), and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms, which were used for time series data prediction. Eighty-seven variables were collected for JKM prediction, of which eight were selected for modeling. Four scenarios (scenarios A, B, C, and D) were devised and tested to analyze the effect of each variable on the performance of the models. Among the eight variables, JKM, national balancing point (NBP), and Brent price indexes demonstrated the largest effects on the performance of the ML models. In contrast, the variable of LNG import volume in China had the least effect. The LSTM model showed a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.195, making it the best-performing algorithm. However, the LSTM model demonstrated a decreased in performance of at least 57% during the COVID-19 period, which raises concerns regarding the reliability of the test results obtained during that time. The study compared the ML models' prediction performances with those of the traditional statistical model, autoregressive integrated moving averages (ARIMA), to verify their effectiveness. The comparison results showed that the LSTM model's performance deviated by an MAE of 15–22%, which can be attributed to the constraints of the small dataset size and conceptual structural differences between the ML and ARIMA models. However, if a sufficiently large dataset can be secured for training, the ML model is expected to perform better than the ARIMA. Additionally, separate tests were conducted to predict the trends of JKM fluctuations and comprehensively validate the practicality of the ML models. Based on the test results, LSTM model, identified as the optimal ML algorithm, achieved a performance of 53% during the regular period and 57% d during the abnormal period (i.e., COVID-19). Subject matter experts agreed that the performance of the ML models could be improved through additional studies, ultimately reducing the risk of price fluctuations when purchasing spot LNG. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Energies (19961073) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
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Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, 2021 saw a growing interest in starting own business: as per the Census Bureau's Business Formation Statistics, the number of applications to form new businesses filed in the U.S. was the highest compared to any other year on record, reaching the total of 5.4 million (Economic Innovation Group, 2022), while in the EU, after an initial downward trend recorded in the first and second quarters of 2020, the number of new business registrations grew again in the third quarter of that year, and this upward trend continued throughout 2021 (Eurostat, 2022). Of course, as a result of Russia's invasion on Ukraine and related economic crisis, a downward tendency could be observed, but business registration levels in the EU in the first quarter of 2022 were still higher than during the pre-COVID 19 pandemic period (2015-2019) (Eurostat, 2022) and online searches indicating and intent to open a business spiked by 76% from 2018 to 2022 (Search Engine Journal, 2022). This shows that despite many external impediments, people are still tempted to start their own business, and many influencers, motivational speakers and coaches, as well as various popular TV shows broadcast worldwide (like the Apprentice, Dragons' Den, Shark Tank or Planet of the Apps) encourage them to do so. Becoming an entrepreneur has become a goal many people, especially 20-, 30- and 40-year-olds, strive to achieve. However, many of those people fail to realise that the very entry in the business register does not automatically make them entrepreneurs or their business successful. Neither does a good (or even excellent and innovative) business idea that attracts customers, as it was in Kodak's, Blockbuster's, or Ask Jeeves' case. What is required, is the ability to stay attractive to existing and prospective customers, i.e., the ability to win and retain customers, and to adapt to the changing demands, trends and economic conditions. All this can be achieved thanks to a meticulously designed and regularly reviewed and updated business model. The aim of this paper is to present and analyse the learning process of acquiring and building competences in the area of business models with the use of different innovative tools. The results presented and discussed in this article come from surveys as well as face-to-face and on-line meetings conducted in the ProBM 2 ERASMUS+ project (Understanding and Developing Business Models in the Era of Globalisation), in which the total of 261 respondents from seven (7) European countries, i.e. Poland, Italy, Greece, Romania, Portugal, Malta, and Switzerland, took part between 2019 and 2022. From the meetings and surveys it follows that much more awareness of business models needs to be encouraged and developed, particularly as regards improving competences helping future business owners and their employees assess profitability and efficiency of their operations and ensure that the business will be a going concern. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.
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"The ongoing journey to standardization on more aspects of submission and data exchange will continue to have an impact," he notes. lan Crone, business unit director Europe-fme Life Sciences, which provides business and technology services, points out that the web-based human variations electronic application form (eAF) for centrally authorized products (CAPs) has been available for use since 4 Nov. 2022 on the European Medicines Agency's (EMA's) new product lifecycle management (PLM) portal. Renato Rjavec, Amplexor Life Sciences "Many biopharmaceutical functions have spent the last decade modernizing their base technologies, most often in a cloud/software as a service environment platform that brings foundational benefit to individual functions," states Steve Gens managing partner. Internal productivity and external regulatory requirements are both driving this data connectivity within industry, he adds, which "requires a clear cross functional digitization strategy and focus on cross-functional data governance, master data management, and ensuring all data from these various authoritative systems [are] at the same high level. " "Many biopharmaceutical functions have spent the last decade modernizing their base technologies, most often in a cloud/ software as a service environment platform that brings foundational benefit to individual functions." -
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In 2021 the OECD launched the Global Minimum Company Tax to implement the Action 1 of the BEPS Project. This instrument has seen as a good mechanism to prevent company avoiding taxes at the global level and to stop existence of the harmful tax regimes worldwide, as well as a good mechanism to achieve fair taxation in the era of global digitalization. However, the broke-out of the COVID-19 pandemic and, consequently, the close of the national borders, then armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine, boost financial crisis and the crises in almost all social and industrial spheres at the global level. Such unwilling trend, between all, has influenced behavior of the companies and the initial optimism of the OECD and other international organizations that the global minimum company tax, at the very end, would end existence of the harmful tax regimes, tax avoidance and unfair taxation, dropped significantly. Therefore, at the very end of the 2022 and the beginning of the 2023, the OECD launched consultation document on tax certainty in the application of the Pillar Two of the global minimum tax known as a GloBE (Global Anti-Base Erosion) Model Rules. This paper deals with mentioned issue and actual problems that the application of the GLoBE rules is faced with.
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Although the Covid-19 pandemic disrupted learning for students worldwide, the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine has more severely impacted education for Ukrainian students. This study was conducted in the context of an educational technology master's thesis (Halchevska, 2022) at the University of Tartu, Estonia. A master's student with Ukrainian background contacted a biology teacher in Ukraine and offered to help teach an online collaborative lesson about genetics and the laws of inheritance. The lesson involved using an innovative computer simulation called the Collaborative Rabbit Genetics Lab. The learning materials were translated into Ukrainian. A quasi-experimental research design compared whether prior experience working with a collaborative seesaw simulation would influence outcomes later with the biology-related collaborative simulation. Data from two classes of 9th-grade students were collected using questionnaire items related to the perception of interdependence, an open-ended question about collaboration, and a focus group interview. The results indicate that prior practice with a collaborative simulation somewhat enhanced perceived collaboration the next time students worked with a similar type of interdependent task but did not affect task performance. The findings suggest that more guidance is needed to support learners in online collaboration when they solve interdependent tasks. Copyright © 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
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COVID-19 has challenged educators not only in Ukrainian universities but throughout the whole world to keep abreast with the rapid emergence of new technologies, adapt the education system to online needs, and use blended learning as a necessity of the transformed education environment. We carried out two case studies aimed at gauging the students' perception, experience, and satisfaction level on the pandemicinduced online EFL learning via a Google Forms questionnaire in 2020-2021 a.y. and 2021-2022 a.y. at Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (Ukraine). The first case conducted a 16-question online survey, and an analysis unit was the responses of 112 first-year students studying English as L2 and majoring in Computer Science and Cybernetics at the University of Kyiv under the Coronavirus lockdown reality. The second case encompassed 80 respondents and was fulfilled through the same 16-question online survey under similar study conditions. The sample groups were undergraduate students of the same age (17-18 y. o.) and the English language level (B1+) enrolled in the university with similar admissions criteria, prerequisites, and curricula. The survey's participation was voluntary and anonymous. The respondents gave feedback on three question categories: EFL online learning effectiveness, technical provision satisfaction, self-organization, and confidence level. The opinions were not fully homogeneous but the majority of Computer Science and Cybernetics undergraduates in both case studies pointed out that the online EFL course was effective. The first survey findings revealed that the first-year university learners had a predominately positive attitude towards online education, describing English lessons as well-structured and engaging. Our second investigation demonstrated that apart from staff readiness, confidence, students' Internet accessibility, and motivation, the undergraduates have indicated tiredness of online meetings, pointing out that they have a lack of live communication. The obtained study results can help in understanding EFL teachers how to continue teaching and learning during such unprecedented times and to ensure a high level of education, responding to the current students' needs and priorities for successful online classes. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Romanian Journal for Multidimensional Education / Revista Romaneasca pentru Educatie Multidimensionala is the property of Lumen Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
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Each month brings new fears and new reasons to worry about the future. In a world marked by permanent change, by the occurrence of the unthinkable generating a continuous feeling of insecurity, having confidence has become increasingly difficult: confidence in the future, confidence in our environments, in our organisations, confidence in our contemporaries, confidence in our collaborators and confidence in our ability to face a difficult tomorrow. Confidence and fear are inseparable and they are like the opposite sides of the same coin. Unable to look at both sides of a coin at the same time, we must constantly fight our fears with confidence. Therefore, more than ever, trust is an essential element to obtain team security and it only takes one person feeling insecure for the overall confidence of the team to be eroded. This feeling of low self-confidence is particularly true for the younger generation of veterinary surgeons and specialized veterinary assistants. This can result in difficulties that are often unexpressed and can lead professionals to abandon these vocations of "passion" since they do not feel up to the expectations of clients and managers alike. Building the self-confidence of the people concerned has become a professional priority. The origin of the feeling of lack of self-confidence is collective. Therefore, its treatment is collective. Since each member has the capacity to fight against their fears, he or she can play their part and increase security in the team.
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The article presents current data on the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and criteria for its deficiency in children in different countries. Vitamin D is recognized as one of the most important vitamins involved in many biochemical processes in the body. Its active metabolites play a key role in calcium absorption, bone mineralization and promote phosphate and magnesium metabolism. At the same time, in addition to affecting mineral metabolism, there is a wide range of conditions in which vitamin D also plays a preventive role. Vitamin D has been shown to play a vital role in innate immunity maintenance and is important in prevention of several diseases, including infections, autoimmune diseases, certain forms of cancer, type 1 and 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Vitamin D is of particular importance for newborns and young children. This vitamin is involved in important physiological regulatory processes such as bone metabolism, lung development, maturation of the immune system and differentiation of the nervous system. Vitamin D deficiency increases risks of neonatal sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, respiratory distress syndrome, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Adequate intake of vitamin D and calcium during childhood can reduce the risk of osteoporosis and other diseases associated with vitamin D deficiency in adults. Recently, vitamin D deficiency has shown to be a potential risk factor for COVID-19 propensity. It has been established that to date most scientific pediatric societies have recognized the need to prevent vitamin D deficiency in healthy children of all ages, but data on the dosage of vitamin D in its prophylactic use differ. Most scientific societies recommend an average of 400-600 IU per day of vitamin D for prophylactic purposes. The analysis of published data shows the need to follow a strategy based on an individual approach, taking into account physiological characteristics, individual requirements and lifestyle.Copyright © 2021 University of Tartu Press. All rights reserved.
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This paper begins with a survey of recent commodity price developments that highlights the magnitude of this price surge and identifies the rapid rise in wheat prices as a key element. The analysis in this paper focuses on the extent to which domestic markets are insulated from these changes and on the resulting impacts on world prices. An econometric analysis using Error Correction Models finds stable long-term relationships between world wheat prices and most domestic prices of wheat and wheat products, but with considerable variation across countries in the rate of price transmission. A case study of the price shocks during the Covid pandemic and the Ukraine food price crisis finds that price insulation roughly doubled the overall increase in world wheat prices and raised their volatility both during periods of price increase and price decline.
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The COVID-19 pandemic is among the greatest challenges for the worldwide. Vaccine development is an effective weapon against pandemic development. But there is a paucity of data of COVID-19 vaccine data by sex/gender in Ukraine. The purpose of the study was to assess diversity in COVID-19 vaccination among gender groups of Ukrainian population. A retrospective-archive study was conducted in Ukraine from 24 February 2021 to 16 January 2022. The obtained data showed in trends gender differences in COVID-19 vaccination status. Women preferred vaccination with Pfizer/Biontech and AstraZeneca vaccines more often than men. Significantly higher level of weekly cases among persons who received two doses than one dose of Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine with as among males (p<0.05), as females (p<0.05). These findings support idea that a gendered lens should also be applied when designing COVID-19 vaccination campaign that can help to maximize benefits and minimize adverse events.
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[...]international collaboration increased, and as part of this international exchange, formal work-sharing initiatives and dialogue emerged;there is a strong desire to use the pandemic response's flexibility and innovation to address unmet needs in other disease areas. [...]decentralized clinical trials (DCTs) have emerged quickly and are here to stay. DCTs will bring new challenges, such as ensuring appropriate training and delivery across sites and improving data collection and management. [...]new approaches are solidified, drug development will use proven methods.
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Energy poverty is a multifaceted phenomenon that affects many Europeans. Alleviating energy poverty is high in the EU, national, and local policy agendas. Despite the attention the phenomenon has been gaining from a policy perspective, especially after the current energy crisis, there are still some gaps due to the complexity of the issue and its vastly different manifestations across Europe. This manuscript presents the policy implications stemming from the implementation of the POWEPROOR approach in alleviating energy poverty in eight European countries, as co-created with relevant stakeholders in each country. The knowledge gained from empowering energy-poor citizens by promoting behavioural changes and small-scale energy efficiency interventions, as well as by encouraging the uptake of renewable energy sources in the form of collective energy initiatives while leveraging innovative financing schemes, resulted in policy recommendations for national and sub-national governments and lessons for civil society and the private sector.
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Since the beginning of the global Covid-19 pandemic, text media materials are full of the word "vax”, and after the appearance of vaccines against the coronavirus and the start of the vaccination campaign around the world, "anti-vax” has also been added. In the article, it is singled out the linguistic means of updating the evaluation in the headlines and leads of the text media of Ukraine in the materials dedicated to opponents of vaccination against Covid-19, and the possibility of its automatic recognition with the help of machine methods is also considered. It was found that among the language means of expressing assessment, colloquial vocabulary (jargonisms and slang) and phraseology come to the fore. © 2023 Copyright for this paper by its authors.
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Background. Data from numerous studies indicate a significant prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Ukraine and the world. In recent years, the Ukrainian medical community has faced two important challenges — the COVID-19 pandemic and the russian aggression, which significantly affected the organization and availability of medical care. Despite the previous epidemiological studies in Ukraine devoted to the vitamin D status, there are no data during the past 5 years that became the background for this re-search. The purpose was to analyze the vitamin D status in the adult population of Ukraine during the COVID-19 pandemic and russian aggression. Materials and methods. Data of the serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in 5029 adults aged 20–99 years, who for various reasons applied for its measurement, were retro-spectively analyzed. The analysis was performed depending on the year and month of observation, the age and gender of the subjects, and the 25(OH)D level. Results. The mean serum level of 25(OH)D in the total group was 33.2 [24.1–43.8] ng/ml. The assessment of the number of 25(OH)D tests for 2018–2022 did not reveal any signi-ficant differences in 2018 and 2019 but established a significant decrease during the russian aggression in Ukraine in 2022 (by 55.7 %) compared to 2018, as well as indices during the COVID-19 pandemic (by 21.6 % compared to 2020, by 23.5 % in 2021). During the observation period, it was established a decrease in the vitamin D deficiency proportion from 20.6 % in 2018 to 9.3 % in 2022, and an increase in the proportion of subjects with suboptimal (from 6.6 to 11.4 %, respectively) and high serum concentrations of 25(OH)D (from 2.2 to 12.7 %). Conclusions. Our results indicate a grown serum 25(OH)D level during 2020–2022 in the adult population of Ukraine compared to the indices of previous years and a decreased share of vitamin D deficiency in the Ukrainian population. In ad-dition, a decrease in the number of 25(OH)D level tests was estab-lished, especially during the period of the russian aggression, which should be taken into account during the planning measures to opti-mize the vitamin D status in the adult population of Ukraine. © 2023, Zaslavsky Publishing House. All rights reserved.
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The advent of COVID-19 had implications for various sectors of the economy, compounding the challenges set in motion by climate change. Whilst the dawn of 2021 came with hope for recovery from the pandemic, the beginning of 2022 came with another complexity of the Russia-Ukraine war, which hampered recovery efforts. This book examines the trends, dynamics, and implications of COVID-19 for agriculture, environment, and water sectors within the broader context of Sustainable Development Goals using a cocktail of primary and secondary research techniques. The book adopts the quantitative, qualitative, and multi-methods of enquiry. Findings show the increasing temporal trend of COVID-19 cases following periodic waves and spatially variable distribution of cases, with more cases in densely populated urban areas. These trends and dynamics, influenced by a web of intermingling factors, have had ramifications on the agricultural, environmental, and water sectors and subsectors with consequent negative outcomes on virtually all facets of life. The recovery process is being hampered by several factors ranging from poor governance, which results in policy distortions and other global factors. Climate change and the Russia- Ukraine war have complicated the COVID-19 recovery process by pushing up oil and food prices, rendering the poor more vulnerable to food insecurity and increased poverty, challenging Zimbabwe's economic resilience. Social safety nets and tackling climate change and other policy distortions are critical to ensure a sustainable future. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.
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Reconnaissance and monitoring activities of actors on the Internet are becoming indispensable security tools for governments around the world. The Deep Web as part of the Internet protects actors. However, cheap and reliable encryption and online identity protection have become attractive to state and non-state actors in the cyber domain. Unfortunately, part of the Deep Web, the Dark Web is now offering to training terrorists, and trading arms and illicit substances. The Dark Web represents a communication and information systems infrastructure where actors are anonymous and the services are adaptable to the demands of geopolitical circumstances. This paper analyzes the ways of using the Dark Web and its impact on the information environment since the global war on terrorism began, through a period when humanity struggled with Covid-19 pandemic to the war in Ukraine. © 2023 Authors.
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Purpose - to draw attention to an infection that was little known, but has now become a global problem for society;to familiarize readers with the peculiarities of the 2022 monkeypox outbreak and to increase the level of alertness of doctors to this disease. Monkeypox is a global problem because the disease is spreading rapidly, covering 111 countries. Three cases were diagnosed in Ukraine. It is predominantly a self-limited infection, but there are severe and deadly complications. The lethality of this disease ranges from 0% to 11%. The course of the disease is more severe in children and people with reduced immunity. Vertical transmission of the virus from mother to child is possible, resulting in congenital monkeypox. Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease and its natural reservoir is not exactly known, but rodents are most likely to act. In most cases, person-to-person transmission of the virus occurs through close skin to skin contact, often during sexual intercourse. At the beginning of the outbreak 98% of cases of disease were was diagnosed in homo- and bisexuals. Airborne transmission is also possible. Infection is possible through close contact with infectious skin lesions. Clinically, the initial period resembles influenza, but lymphadenopathy is characteristic, which is considered a pathognomonic symptom of mpox. The rash is similar to that of chickenpox, but with more prevalent location on palms and soles than in chickenpox. In the presence of a vesicular rash in a patient, it is necessary to exclude monkeypox. PCR diagnostics of the virus in samples of vesicles or crusts has the greatest diagnostic value. Hygienic skin care is important. Antiviral drugs (tecovirimat, brincidofovir) are recommended only in severe cases. To reduce the spread of infection, international rules apply as for other infections, such as COVID-19. The monkeypox virus vaccine is recommended primarily for groups at risk of infection, including medical personnel who may come into contact with the patient or samples for laboratory testing. Being aware for this infection, following international health regulations, it is possible to prevent the further spread of monkeypox.Copyright © 2023 Tomsk State University. All rights reserved.
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Introduction. Persistent negative mental-emotional experiences and the body's responses to stress may have a negative impact on physical condition and mental-emotional status of students and provoke behavioral disorders. Health-enhancing recreational physical activity helps to cope with the negative influence of stress factors. The study was focused on the prediction of stress-related conditions in students and their prevention through healthenhancing recreational physical activity (HRPA). The aim of the study was to develop predictive models for assessing stress-related conditions among students and to identify the opportunities for their prevention through engagement in health-enhancing recreational physical activity based on the assessment of the relationship between physical activity and emotional status. Material & methods. The study involved 573 higher education students from various regions of Ukraine. The following methods were applied: surveying, statistical analysis using non-linear estimation methods and statistical classification methods based on data mining and machine learning methods, such as neural networks. Results. Statistically significant (p<0.05) logistic binary models were developed and scientifically substantiated, which can be used to predict stress-related conditions among higher education students based on data about their HRPA and behavioral characteristics in a long-term stressful situation. According to the survey data, the military conflict on the territory of Ukraine has provoked the emergence of emotional distress in 80.8% of respondents. It was found that regular engagement in HRPA and an active lifestyle allows predicting the maintenance of emotional well-being among students with a probability of 78.0%. Conclusions. The behavioral disorders in higher education students combined with lack of HRPA during the period of armed conflict on the territory of Ukraine significantly increase their risk of anxiety, aggressiveness, depressive states, and mood swings as well as lead to deterioration in physical condition and mental-emotional status. An active lifestyle, regular engagement in health-enhancing recreational physical activity, and cessation of bad habits increase students' adaptability to the impact of stress factors.